Which of the following disorders is typically managed by a nephrologist?

A nephrologist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related disorders. Kidney stones are a common condition that falls under their expertise, as they directly affect the urinary tract and renal system. These stones can lead to significant pain, complications, and potential kidney damage if not managed properly, which makes the intervention of a nephrologist essential in both acute and chronic cases.

Management of kidney stones involves various treatment options, including hydration, dietary modifications, medications to manage pain, and possibly surgical interventions to remove stones that are too large or causing obstruction. The nephrologist assesses the type of stones, underlying causes of stone formation, and provides a comprehensive treatment plan to prevent recurrence.

In contrast, osteoporosis is primarily managed by specialists such as endocrinologists or rheumatologists, as it relates to bone density and metabolic bone disorders. Hyperthyroidism is treated primarily by endocrinologists since it pertains to hormonal regulation. Anemia, while it can sometimes be associated with kidney issues, is more commonly managed by hematologists or primary care providers unless it's specifically due to renal failure. Hence, among the options provided, kidney stones are distinctly aligned with nephrology.