Which of these is a common endocrinological disorder?

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinological disorder characterized by the underproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. These hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. When the thyroid does not produce sufficient hormones, it can lead to a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, and depression, among others. This is significant because it highlights the role of the endocrine system in maintaining overall health and how hormonal imbalances can lead to various physiological disruptions.

The other options, while they can be serious health conditions, do not fall under the category of endocrinological disorders. Chronic kidney disease primarily affects the kidneys and their ability to filter blood, hypertension relates to blood pressure regulation typically influenced by heart and vascular health, and kidney stones are a physical obstruction in the urinary tract. Thus, the defining characteristic of hypothyroidism as a disorder of hormone production and regulation makes it the clear answer to the question regarding common endocrinological disorders.